一、下载安装
mariadb是属于mysql的一个分支,是其创始人在mysql被卖给oracle之后重新分出来的,maria取自于他女儿的名字。mariadb完全兼容于mysql,在很多新版本的linux系统中,mysql都已经被替换成了mariadb。
mariadb的官网:mariadb官网,下载地址:下载地址。最新稳定版本的下载直链为:
1 |
wget https://downloads.mariadb.com/MariaDB/mariadb-10.5.0/bintar-linux-systemd-x86_64/mariadb-10.5.0-linux-systemd-x86_64.tar.gz |
首先把安装包下载到本地,然后解压到/usr/local
目录:
1 2 |
tar -zxvf mariadb-10.5.0-linux-systemd-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ ln -s /usr/local/mariadb-10.5.0-linux-systemd-x86_64/ /usr/local/mysql |
初始化数据库,设定数据存储目录为/appdata/mysql
,启动用户为mysql
:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 |
# 创建mysql用户 useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql # 创建数据库文件夹 mkdir /appdata/mysql -p # 初始化数据库 /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db \ --basedir=/usr/local/mysql \ --datadir=/appdata/mysql \ --user=mysql |
初始化数据库的过程中如果报错:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 |
> Installing MariaDB/MySQL system tables in '/xxx/mariadb' ... /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory Installation of system tables failed! Examine the logs in /udata/mariadb for more information. ... |
说明系统缺少组件库libaio
,需要安装手动安装:
1 2 3 4 |
# centos yum install libaio libaio-devel # ubuntu apt install libaio1 |
执行成功后输出:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 |
Installing MariaDB/MySQL system tables in '/appdata/mysql' ... OK To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system ... |
到这里数据库就已经安装完成了,接下来要做的就是配置。
二、配置
修改my.cnf
,设置pid/socket/log等文件的路径,把它们统一存到/appdata/mysql/run/
下:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 |
[mysqld] datadir=/appdata/mysql socket=/appdata/mysql/run/mysql.sock # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 # Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used. # If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group, # customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the # instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd [mysqld_safe] log-error=/appdata/mysql/run/mysql.log pid-file=/appdata/mysql/run/mysql.pid [mysql] socket=/appdata/mysql/run/mysql.sock [mysqladmin] socket=/appdata/mysql/run/mysql.sock # # include all files from the config directory # !includedir /etc/my.cnf.d |
注意:
- /appdata/mysql/run目录要提前创建
- 如果修改了socket的路径,还要修改[mysql]和[mysqladmin]段的socket路径,要和[mysqld]中的socket路径一致
设置路径权限:
1 |
chown mysql.mysql -R /usr/local/mysql /appdata/mysql |
添加mysql
命令到系统路径,修改/etc/profile
文件:
1 2 |
MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql export PATH=$PATH:$MYSQL_HOME/bin |
修改后source /etc/profile
生效。
三、添加系统服务
3.1 service系统服务
对于使用service命令启动的服务,复制mysql主目录下的support/mysql.server
文件到/etc/init.d/
:
1 2 |
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld |
然后修改文件中的配置:
1 2 3 |
basedir=/usr/local/mysql # 安装目录 datadir=/appdata/mysql # 数据目录 mysqld_pid_file_path=/appdata/mysql/run/mysql.pid # pid文件目录 |
注意:配置要和上面my.cnf中的配置一一对应
启动:service mysqld start
。
添加到开机启动:
1 2 |
chkconfig --add mysqld chkconfig mysqld on |
3.2 systemd系统服务
systemd服务的文件在安装路径/support-files/systemd/mariadb.service
:
1 |
cp support-files/systemd/mariadb.service /etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service |
复制完后执行systemctl start mysqld
启动服务,然后设置开机启动:
1 |
systemctl enable mysqld |
四、设置root用户密码
系统服务起来后,可以使用mysqladmin
初始化root用户的密码:
1 |
mysqladmin -u root password '123456' |
如果出现:
my.cnf
1 2 3 |
[mysqld] skip-grant-tables skip-networking |
然后重启服务,使用root身份登录(不用密码),再执行命令修改密码:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 |
use mysql; # 刷新权限 flush privileges; # 设置密码 set password for 'root'@'localhost' = password('123456'); # 刷新权限 flush privileges; |
如果执行命令的时候出现报错:
1 |
ERROR 1290 (HY000): The MariaDB server is running with the --skip-grant-tables option so it cannot execute this statement |
说明安全模式下的权限还没有更新,要先刷新一下权限才行:
1 |
flush privileges; |
my.cnf
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 |
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 11 Server version: 10.4.8-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> |
评论