nginx学习篇：server模块

2017年9月24日22:17:071 869字阅读2分53秒

一、概述

server 模块是http的子模块，它用来定一个虚拟主机，一个server模块主要包含一下配置：

server {
        # 监听的端口
        listen       8080; 
        # 用户访问的域名，请求的Host字段
        server_name  localhost 192.168.87.131; 
        # 主目录地址
        root   /home/wwwroot;
        # 默认的首页形式
        index  index.php index.html index.htm; 
        # 字符编码
        charset utf-8;
        # 用户的访问日志，main表示日志的格式
        # 目录需要提前创建好
        access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
        # 错误日志，error为日志格式
        # 目录需要提前创建好
        error_log  logs/host.error.log  error;
        ....
}

server {

# 监听的端口

listen 8080;

# 用户访问的域名，请求的Host字段

server_name localhost 192.168.87.131;

# 主目录地址

root /home/wwwroot;

# 默认的首页形式

index index.php index.html index.htm;

# 字符编码

charset utf-8;

# 用户的访问日志，main表示日志的格式

# 目录需要提前创建好

access_log logs/host.access.log main;

# 错误日志，error为日志格式

# 目录需要提前创建好

error_log logs/host.error.log error;

....

}

这个配置的意思是当有用户在浏览器中输入192.168.87.131:8080访问主机的8080端口时，服务器将会返回/home/www/目录下的index.php或index.html或 index.htm给客户端，同时记录访问日志到logs/host.access.log中，记录错误日志到logs/host.error.log中。

二、配置

假设当前主机的地址为192.168.87.131，我希望当用户通过8099端口访问主机的时候，返回/data/www/index.html：

server {
        listen       8099; # 端口号
        server_name  192.168.87.131; # 服务名，即用户输入在浏览器中的地址          
        root   /data/www;
        index  index.html;                    
        charset utf-8;
        access_log  logs/demo.access.log  main;
        error_log  logs/demo.error.log  error;
}

server {

listen 8099; # 端口号

server_name 192.168.87.131; # 服务名，即用户输入在浏览器中的地址

root /data/www;

index index.html;

charset utf-8;

access_log logs/demo.access.log main;

error_log logs/demo.error.log error;

}

在conf/nginx.conf 中的http模块内添加以上配置，然后制作一个html页面放置到/data/www目录中。

nginx默认自带一个首页在安装目录下的html/index.html文件中，复制一份到/data/www/并修改

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
    body {
        width: 35em;
        margin: 0 auto;
        font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
    }
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title> 
<style>
    body {
        width: 35em;
        margin: 0 auto;
        font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Nginx Demo1</h1>  <!---- 修改本行 ------>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="https://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="https://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>

<style>

body {

width: 35em;

margin: 0 auto;

font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;

}

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>

<style>

body {

width: 35em;

margin: 0 auto;

font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;

}

</style>

</head>

<body>

<h1>Nginx Demo1</h1>

<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and

working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to

<a href="https://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>

Commercial support is available at

<a href="https://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>

</body>

</html>

# 重新载入配置
service nginx reload

1 2	# 重新载入配置 service nginx reload

此时在浏览器中输入192.168.87.131:8099就能访问到我们的页面了（如果开启了防火墙的话需要提前设置允许访问该端口）。

nginx学习篇：server模块

三、日志

当前配置设置了两个日志信息，一个是访问日志，一个是错误日志。

访问日志信息中保存了所有的访问信息，包括ip User-Agent 等等，都被记录了下来：

[root@localhost nginx]# vi logs/demo.access.log 
192.168.87.1 - - [25/Sep/2017:01:43:51 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 606 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.81 Safari/537.36" "-"
192.168.87.1 - - [25/Sep/2017:01:43:51 +0800] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 571 "https://192.168.87.131:8099/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.81 Safari/537.36" "-"

[root@localhost nginx]# vi logs/demo.access.log

192.168.87.1 - - [25/Sep/2017:01:43:51 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 606 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.81 Safari/537.36" "-"

192.168.87.1 - - [25/Sep/2017:01:43:51 +0800] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 571 "https://192.168.87.131:8099/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.81 Safari/537.36" "-"

错误日志日志中保存了访问过程中出现的错误，这里面有一条错误信息是说favicon.ico文件未找到：

[root@localhost nginx]# vi logs/demo.error.log
2017/09/25 01:43:51 [error] 13504#0: *104 open() "/data/www/favicon.ico" failed (2: No such file or directory), client: 192.168.87.1, server: 192.168.87.131, request: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1", host: "192.168.87.131:8099", referrer: "https://192.168.87.131:8099/"

[root@localhost nginx]# vi logs/demo.error.log

2017/09/25 01:43:51 [error] 13504#0: *104 open() "/data/www/favicon.ico" failed (2: No such file or directory), client: 192.168.87.1, server: 192.168.87.131, request: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1", host: "192.168.87.131:8099", referrer: "https://192.168.87.131:8099/"

favicon.ico 是网页的图标，放在网页文件的当前目录下，每次请求浏览器都会默认去获取 由于我们没有图标文件，所以读取图标失败，导致报错。