一、生成密钥
使用ssh-keygen 命令生成密钥：
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> ssh-keygen Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/home/ma/.ssh/id_rsa): Created directory '/home/ma/.ssh'. Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /home/ma/.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in /home/ma/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: 5b:78:9f:ca:37:c0:80:f3:43:af:0c:64:78:5a:60:df ma@localhost.localdomain The key's randomart image is: +--[ RSA 2048]----+ | | | o | | . + o | | . O E. | | * +S+o | | . . o++. . | | o.o .o | | o. .o | | o. . | +-----------------+ |
生成的密钥默认位于~/.ssh/目录下，有两个文件，id_rsa是私钥，id_rsa.pub是公钥：
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> cd ~/.ssh/ > ll total 8 -rw-------. 1 ma root 1675 Mar 16 19:02 id_rsa -rw-r--r--. 1 ma root 406 Mar 16 19:02 id_rsa.pub |
把公钥内容添加到登陆密钥文件中：
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> cat id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys |
二、修改配置文件
修改ssh的配置文件：
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> vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config RSAAuthentication yes PubkeyAuthentication yes AuthorizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys |
然后使用service sshd reload重新载入配置，不要使用service sshd restart也不要退出终端，避免配置出错导致无法登陆。
三、连接
开启新终端，在用户身份验证方式中选择public key：
然后导入私钥即可，确认能登录后再关闭上一个终端。
四、关闭密码登录
有了密钥登陆后可以考虑禁止密码登录，修改内容：
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> vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config PasswordAuthentication no > service sshd reload |
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